Which of the following describes spam?

Spam is best defined as unwanted emails that are sent out in bulk to a mass recipient list. This definition captures the essence of spam because it emphasizes the lack of consent from recipients, which is a key characteristic of unsolicited messages. Spam emails typically involve generic content that tries to reach as many people as possible, with the sender not having a prior relationship or permission from the recipients to send such communications.

In contrast, personalized email newsletters and targeted promotional emails are designed to engage specific audience segments based on their preferences and behaviors, which implies a level of consent and relevance. Emails that include customer feedback are also part of a dialogue and typically involve recipients who are interested in providing input, further differentiating them from spam. Thus, the nature of spam is fundamentally about mass distribution of unsolicited content, making it distinctly different from the other types of email communication mentioned.